United States, Japan Revise Defence Ties

New York: The United States and Japan unveiled new rules for defense cooperation today in a historic move that will give Japanese armed forces a more ambitious global role amid concerns over China's rising sway.

Under the revised guidelines, Japan could come to the aid of US forces threatened by a third country or, for example, deploy minesweeper ships to a mission in the Middle East.

US Secretary of State John Kerry and Defense Secretary Ashton Carter and Japanese Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida and Defense Minister General Nakatani revealed the new rules after talks in a New York hotel.

Although officials said the new doctrine is not aimed at China, there has been increasing concern over moves by Beijing to try to scoop up disputed areas of the South China and East China Seas.

But they pointedly made mention of North Korea as another source of tension in the region.

Kerry stressed that the United States saw the disputed Senkaku islands, known in Chinese as the Diaoyus, as firmly under Japan's control.

Washington "commitment to Japan's security remains ironclad and covers all territories under Japan's administration, including the Senkaku islands," Kerry said. The sovereignty of the isles have been the source of friction between Tokyo and Beijing for decades.

Historic transition

"Today we mark the establishment of Japan's capacity to defend not just its own territory, but also the United States and other partners as needed," Kerry told a joint press conference in a New York hotel.

"This is an historic meeting. It's a historic transition in the defense relationship between our two countries."

The guidelines came a day before US President Barack Obama rolls out the red carpet at the White House for Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe for a high-profile visit.

Kerry paid tribute to Japan's expanded role in international peace-keeping in far flung places such as South Sudan, adding that Tokyo's defense capabilities had been transformed "during a period of evolving risks and dangers both in the Asia-Pacific and across the globe."

Japan's Nakatani said that since 1997, when the defense ties were last revised, "the security environment in the United States and Japan has changed dramatically."

The new guidelines would "draw a picture of the Japan-US alliance for the next decade and beyond," Nakatani said.

In an implicit reference to China, Kerry said: "We reject any suggestion that freedom of navigation, overflight and other unlawful uses of the sea and airspace are privileges granted by big states to small ones, subject to the whim and fancy of the big state."

Under the previous rules, Japanese forces could assist American troops only if they were operating in the direct defense of Japan.

The amended guidelines were drawn up to reflect a reinterpretation of Japan's constitution by Abe's government last year, which allows for "collective defense."

Carter said the new rules removed the constraints of geography, adding that now the US-Japan cooperation had moved "from being locally focused to globally focused, and of course that's completely appropriate given the way the world has changed since 1997."

Missile defense

"It means that Japan can defend US ships engaged in missile defense activities in the vicinity of Japan," a US official said earlier.

"It means that Japan can respond to attacks on third countries if they are in close association with Japan and if those attacks directly affect Japanese security," he said.

One possible scenario could have Japan shooting down a missile headed towards the United States, even if Japan itself was not under attack, officials said.

The reinterpretation of the constitution and the new defense guidelines are part of Abe's bid to soften Japan's constitutional commitment to pacifism. The United States imposed the principle after World War II, but now strongly supports Japan's new approach.

Tokyo's readiness to embrace what Abe calls "proactive pacifism" comes amid growing anxiety in Japan and across Asia over China's rising military and economic might.

For Washington, the new guidelines could make Japan a more active and equal military partner, able to support US-led operations elsewhere and cooperate more closely on missile defense, cyber security and surveillance satellites.