Saif Ali Khan, bona fide Bollywood royalty and star of Netflix hit Sacred Games, says India's massive film industry does not need international audiences to thrive. But that may not be a good thing, he cautions.
The 49-year-old actor, whose latest film Jawaani Jaaneman is out on Friday, has starred in multiple blockbusters over the years, from Dil Chahta Hai in 2001 to Tanhaji: The Unsung Warrior, released earlier this month.
Yet even as foreign films -- like South Korean hit Parasite -- find viewers and awards overseas, Bollywood has remained on the fringes of global entertainment, content to target 1.3 billion population and millions of others from the diaspora.
"The thing about our culture... is that we don't really need verification, validation, appreciation from an outside culture," Saif Ali Khan told AFP in Mumbai.
"There are so many of us that if we just keep each other happy then we don't financially need anything," he added.
But he warned that while such an insular approach may not harm Bollywood's bottom line, it could be "dangerous" for the industry's development.
"Cinema is about people meeting, comparing, collaborating because the human condition is quite similar. But if we isolate ourselves... I think we will lose out on something because we will keep catering just to ourselves," he said.
The son of cricketing legend Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi -- whose family ruled the former princely state of Pataudi -- and actress Sharmila Tagore, Saif has never shied away from taking risks, straddling Bollywood and art-house cinema during his decades-long career.
Even so, the opportunity to play troubled policeman Sartaj Singh in Sacred Games in 2018 was a turning point.
"I think Sartaj Singh did a lot for me. People who don't usually watch Hindi films watched Sacred Games... and working with all those people in that environment helped my acting a lot," he said.
- Bollywood 'renaissance' -
The first big name from Bollywood to embrace digital entertainment, Saif Ali Khan said the ambition displayed by Netflix and others has the potential to upend the status quo, even in movie-mad India.
"Historically the money has been in the big screen, at least in India," he said, "so a lot of mainstream actors... would think twice before doing television".
But streaming services are "challenging that notion", he said, while also offering actors greater opportunities and contributing to a "renaissance" in the industry.
For his part, he has played everything from a commitment-shy chef in the 2005 hit Salaam Namaste to a murderous drifter in the 2006 black comedy Being Cyrus to a Shakespearean villain in Omkara, Bollywood's adaptation of Othello.
Describing today's Bollywood as a "big umbrella" that accommodates art-house cinema, crowd-pleasing "masala" musicals, low-key comedies and even zombie movies, Saif said the variety helps him "feel sane".
"There's something always to be said for something that challenges you mentally or makes you feel that you are going into some territory that is interesting... I would like to mix it up as much as possible."
- Risky business -
His latest movie is an out-and-out entertainer, but even here, Saif has departed from the norm by playing father to a 21-year-old woman in an industry where leading men in their fifties routinely romance decades-younger actresses on screen.
Yet, despite his openness to experiment with roles, Saif says there are areas where he feels nervous to tread, such as politics, echoing concerns shared by many actors who steer clear of expressing opinions on divisive issues.
With the country gripped by a wave of protests against the government's new citizenship law, some have bucked convention by speaking out, most notably Deepika Padukone earlier this month.
But Saif, who is married to top actress Kareena Kapoor, says he prefers to be apolitical.
When actors speak out on political topics, all too often, "the issue is completely ignored and the actor who said it is highlighted and abused and trolled," he said.
In some cases when religious radicals have taken offence at an actor's comments, stars have faced boycott calls and threats, he said. Theatres have also been attacked, putting livelihoods at risk.
"You have to think five times before you endanger other people."
