Menstrual Irregularities: Expert Explains Possible Causes, Types And Treatment Options

There are several possible causes of irregular menstruation

Menstruation, commonly called 'period', is a natural process. Normal vaginal bleeding that lasts from 4 to 7 days and occurs every 28-35 days is part of women's reproductive health. But irregular menstruation can be a cause of concern if left treated. During periods, endometrium, the lining of the uterus sheds and bleeds from the womb through the vagina. Women start getting periods at around age 12 and continue till menopause, which can be anytime between 45 and 55 years of age. Here are all possible causes of menstrual irregularities and treatment options.

Abnormal Menstruation: Here are the causes, types and treatment

Causes

Abnormal periods are a direct indicator of a problem or issue in the reproductive organs. The biggest cause of abnormal periods is 'stress' in our daily lifestyle. It can cause significant changes to our reproductive health. Gaining or losing weight, traveling, dietary changes are all contributors to menstrual abnormalities.

1. Going on and off contraception is most likely to affect the periods up to 6 months of making the change as they cause hormonal changes to the body.

2. Uterine polyps (growth on the lining of the uterus) and uterine fibroids (tumors that attach themselves to the wall of the uterus) cause severe pain as well as heavy bleeding.

3. Endometriosis is the condition that causes the endometrial tissue to grow outside the uterus, causing abnormal bleeding and pain during intercourse.

4. Lastly, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects a woman's hormone levels. This hormone imbalance causes them to skip menstrual periods.

Menstrual irregularities needs medical attention on time
Photo Credit: iStock

Types

Here are the various types of abnormalities one can experience with her menstruation:

1. Amenorrhea: Not getting periods for more than 90 days and are not pregnant and breastfeeding. Missing 3 periods in a row is a cause of concern.

2. Oligomenorrhea: Infrequent menstrual periods. When it's earlier than 21 days, and/or more than 35 days apart.

3. Dysmenorrhea: Painful flow and severe menstrual cramps, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

4. Abnormal bleeding: A heavy flow (or lighter than usual), a longer period (more than 7 days) and bleeding between periods.

Also read: Irregular Periods? 5 Possible Reasons Other Than Pregnancy Every Girl Must Know

Treatment

First things first, you need to keep a record of your periods to track abnormalities. When you get tested, your gynaecologist will run a few tests like the blood test, pelvic exam, and the pap test on you along with a physical examination.

When diagnosed, you will be provided medication based on the cause of your issue. Other than that, a balanced diet and regular exercise are advised to create a healthy lifestyle.

Also read: Common Mistakes Women Make During Their Periods: Tips For A Healthy Menstrual Cycle

(Dr. Seema Sharma, MBBS, MD, Sr. Consultant Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Apollo Cradle & Children's hospital (Apollo Specialty Hospitals) - Amritsar)

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed within this article are the personal opinions of the author. NDTV is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or validity of any information on this article. All information is provided on an as-is basis. The information, facts or opinions appearing in the article do not reflect the views of NDTV and NDTV does not assume any responsibility or liability for the same.