New York:
A new radiation therapy, which has already been in use to treat prostate, brain, and head and neck cancers, also reduces chemotherapy side effects when administered in those afflicted with lung cancer, new research has found.
When patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) received intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), they had less severe lung toxicity and were able to better tolerate their chemotherapy, compared to patients who received conventional radiation therapy, the findings showed.
"IMRT was developed more than a decade ago and because it has been shown to reduce toxicity, it has been accepted to treat prostate, brain, and head and neck cancers," said the study's lead author Stephen Chun from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre in the US.
But "this the first analysis of a prospective clinical trial to show a reduction of toxicity associated with IMRT in locally advanced lung cancer and could lead to a major change in the way radiation therapy is delivered for the disease", Chun pointed out.
For decades, three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3-D CRT) has been the standard of care for the treatment of lung cancer.
The technique shapes radiation beams aimed in straight lines to match the shape of the tumour.
In contrast, IMRT is a newer, more-advanced technique that sculpts and molds radiation beams to tumour targets, using substantially more complex radiation beam arrangements than 3D-CRT.
In turn, IMRT can spare more normal tissue than 3D-CRT with high doses of radiation, Chun explained.
This study is a analysis of data collected from a large, multi-centre phase three randomised trial of patients with locally advanced NSCLC.
In the study, 482 patients were treated with radiation - 53 percent with IMRT and 47 percent with 3-D CRT.
The study found 44 percent fewer cases of severe pneumonitis (lung inflammation that could lead to death) in patients who received IMRT, compared to the 3-D CRT group.
The IMRT group also showed better tolerance of chemotherapy than the 3-D CRT group.
"The data from our study makes a strong argument that we should routinely consider use of IMRT in locally advanced lung cancer," Chun noted.
The findings were presented at the American Society for Radiation Oncology's 57th annual meeting in San Antonio, Texas.