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The moon lander Vikram percheded on a GSLV Mark 3 heavy lift launch vehicle -- dubbed the Bahubali rocket. Renamed Launch Vehicle Mark 3 (LM-3), the GSLV stood 43.5 meters tall - half as high as Delhi's Qutb Minar. The journey will take over 40 days - the spacecraft is expected to touchdown on moon in August.
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is keeping its fingers crossed, after its last moon mission in July 2019 went awry.
"The main lacuna in the last Chandrayaan-2 mission was that there were off-nominal conditions that were initiated in the system. Everything was not nominal. And the craft was not able to handle the off-nominal condition for a safe landing," ISRO Chief S Somnath told NDTV in an exclusive interview.
In a first, India's mooncraft will land in the South Pole of the moon, where water molecules have been found. The finding, made during India's first moon mission in 2008, had startled the world.
Vikram is meant to have a safe, soft landing. The lander will then release the rover Pragyan, which will roam the moon's surface for a lunar day -- equal to 14 earth days -- and conduct scientific experiments.
The scientists hope to analyse the lunar soil, rove around the moon surface, also log moon quakes.
ISRO says learning from the last moon mission, it has reduced the number of engines on the lander from five to four, and updated the software. Everything has undergone rigorous testing.
Mr Somanath explained that the new mission has been designed to land successfully even if certain elements fail. Several scenarios including sensor failure, engine failure, algorithm failure, and calculation failure were examined and measures developed to counteract them.
Chandrayaan-1, India's maiden mission to the Moon, launched in October 2008 and remained operational till August 2009.
In 2019, the lander of Chandrayaan-2 got deviated from the planned trajectory and suffered a hard landing. The orbiter still circles the moon and is sending data.
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