More than one million people have swarmed relief camps in Kerala to escape devastating monsoon floods that have killed more than 400 people, officials said as a huge international aid operation gathered pace.
People are flocking to camps as the scale of the desolation is revealed by receding waters and the forces rescue more people each day.
The Kerala government said 1,028,000 people are now in about 3,200 relief camps across the state. Officials said six more bodies were found on Monday, taking the death toll to more than 410 since the monsoon started in June.
Kerala authorities say they are desperate for funds and the United Arab Emirates on Tuesday promised $100 million in aid, Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan announced after telephone talks with UAE leaders.
The amount is more than the $97 million so far promised by the centre. Mr Vijayan demanded a $375 million package from the government, saying the state must confront more than $3 billion in devastation.
Millions of dollars in donations have poured into Kerala from the rest of India and abroad in recent days. Other state governments have promised more than $50 million while ministers and company chiefs have publicly vowed to give a month's salary.
Even Supreme Court judges have donated $360 each while the British-based Sikh group Khalsa Aid International has set up its own relief camp in Kochi to provide meals for 3,000 people a day.
The rescue operation is now focused on the worst-hit areas such as Chengannur, where more than 60 centimetres (two feet) of water blocked many roads as more rain fell today.
Army teams said several thousand people in the town remained in homes inundated by 10 days of torrential downpours.
Flood victims rest inside a university classroom, which is converted into a temporary relief camp in Kochi. (Reuters)
Relief teams reached the house of retired army officer KG Pillai, who said up to 2.4 metres (eight feet) of water had engulfed the house where his family had lived since 1952.
"In the past there has never been more than one foot of floods and people are not used to this," he said.
"Around 26 people moved into the first floor of our home" to take refuge, he said.
In nearby Pandanad, locals said there was a desperate shortage of drinking water and dry clothes and people implored drivers of passing vehicles for supplies.
Next to an inundated road, army major Jingy Joseph sat barefoot with her four-year-old daughter Angelina, gazing at an overflowing river.
"My daughter is safe -- and that is all that matters," she told AFP. She was on duty in Punjab when her parents' house, where her daughter was staying, was inundated last week.
"I lost all contact with them for around four days and literally had to make an appeal on Facebook for any update," she added.
Her video became one of the most widely shared distress appeals on social media.
"I can talk about it now but they were the most anxious hours. I was strong but broke when I heard my daughter was crying for milk and water at the time," she added.
She took a train ride and a flight and travelled several hours in a car to reach her parents and move them to a safe place.
Thousands of army, navy and air force personnel have fanned out across the state to help those stranded in remote and hilly areas.
Dozens of helicopters and even drones have been dropping food, medicine and water to cut-off villages.
Tens of thousands of people in Chengannur and surrounding towns and villages are relying on community kitchens for meals, after water from hilly districts poured down into lowland regions.
The government says that more than 10,000 kilometers of roads have been destroyed or damaged while a legislator said 50,000 houses had been wiped out.
Kerala lawmaker Shashi Tharoor estimated that 50,000 houses had been destroyed. He said he would seek possible UN assistance in relief efforts during a trip to Geneva this week.
(Kerala has to rebuild itself after the worst floods in over a century. Hundreds have died and lakhs are homeless. Here is how you can help.)
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