In Kolkata Horror Case, Chief Justice Cites Aruna Shanbaug. Her Chilling Story

While hearing the Kolkata doctor's rape-murder case today, Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud referenced the 1973 Aruna Shanbaug incident to highlight brutal attacks on women doctors over the years. CJI Chandrachud said due to ingrained patriarchal biases, women doctors are targeted more and as more women join the workforce, the nation cannot wait for another rape for real changes on the ground.
The Aruna Shanbaug case is among the most horrific attacks on medical professionals within hospitals, one that became a test case for euthanasia or mercy killing.

The Aruna Shanbaug Case

Aruna was a 25-year-old nurse at KEM Hospital, the medical institution she had joined in 1967 in the surgery department. She was engaged to Dr Sundeep Sardesai - a doctor at the same hospital - and was due to be married in early 1974. However, on the night of November 27, 1973, she was brutally attacked by a ward attendant, Sohanlal Bharta Walmiki, who sexually assaulted her and then strangled her with a dog chain. The assault left Aruna with severe brain damage, plunging her into a persistent vegetative state (PVS) in which she remained for 42 years until her death in 2015.

The damage to her brain stem left her paralysed, unable to speak, and reliant on others for the most basic needs. For over four decades, she was kept alive through force-feeding by generations of devoted staff at KEM Hospital, who cared for her like family. Aruna became the centre of a national debate when journalist Pinki Virani filed a petition in the Supreme Court in 2011, seeking permission for euthanasia.

According to Pinky Virani's book about Aruna, titled 'Aruna's Story', Walmiki held a grudge against Aruna after she accused him of stealing food meant for dogs used in medical experiments at the hospital. Aruna had threatened to report him to the hospital authorities.

The Legal Battle

Ms Virani's petition argued that Aruna, being in a state where she was incapable of experiencing life in any meaningful way, should be allowed to die with dignity. This case, in many ways, brought forward the issue of euthanasia into public discourse in India.

The Supreme Court, in a landmark judgment delivered on March 7, 2011, rejected the petition for active euthanasia, citing that Aruna was not brain dead and responded to certain stimuli, as observed by the hospital staff. However, the Court allowed for the possibility of "passive euthanasia" - the procedure of withholding or withdrawing artificial life support to a patient.

The judgment stated that in cases where patients are in a vegetative state, life support can be legally withdrawn if the request comes from close family members or caretakers and is sanctioned by the courts.

Death And Aftermath

Aruna died on 18 May 2015, after contracting pneumonia.

Her attacker, Sohanlal Bharta Walmiki, was convicted only for robbery and attempted murder, as "sodomy" was not classified as rape under Indian law at the time. He served a mere seven-year sentence and was released in 1980.