India's Space start-up Skyroot today said it has test-fired the stage-2 of the Vikram-1 rocket, which is expected to place a satellite in orbit later this year.
The stage-2 of the Vikram-1 launch vehicle, called Kalam-250, is a high-strength carbon composite motor that will carry the rocket from the atmospheric phase to the deep vacuum of outer space, according to a statement issued by the company.
The test-firing of Kalam-250, which took place at the propulsion test bed at the Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, lasted for 85 seconds and recorded a peak sea-level thrust of 186 kilonewtons (kN), which will translate into a fully-expanded vacuum thrust of around 235 kN in flight.
"This is a significant milestone for the Indian space industry, marking the successful test of the largest propulsion system ever designed and manufactured by the Indian private sector, and the first carbon-composite-built motor tested at the ISRO," Pawan Chandana, co-founder and CEO of Hyderabad-based Skyroot Aerospace, said.
"All test parameters are within expected bounds and this achievement takes us another step closer to the upcoming orbital launch of the Vikram-1 rocket," he added.
Kalam-250 is a high-strength carbon composite rocket motor, which uses solid fuel and a high-performance ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDM) thermal protection system (TPS).
The stage-2 houses a carbon ablative flex nozzle, along with high-precision electro-mechanical actuators, for thrust vector control of the vehicle, which helps the rocket achieve the desired trajectory.
"In this landmark test, we validated the critical system for the launch -- the flex nozzle control system -- during firing for the first time, making this an important milestone in our journey," Naga Bharath Daka, co-founder and COO of Skyroot, said.
"We have a few more milestones to cross and are focused on achieving them in the coming months to reach our maiden orbital launch of Vikram-1 in 2024," he said.
The test also had an important contribution from another ISRO centre -- the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) -- which supplied its proprietary head-mounted safe arm (HMSA), used for the safe operation of the rocket stage, the space start-up said.
The solid propellant in Kalam-250 was processed by Solar Industries at their unique facility in Nagpur.
Skyroot had previously tested Kalam-100, the third stage of Vikram-1, which was test-fired successfully in June 2021.
Skyroot became India's first private company to launch a sub-orbital rocket when it test-fired Vikram-S in November 2022.
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