Josh Cassada, 45, will fly with Sunita Williams, 52, aboard NASA's first contracted Starliner mission
Indian-origin US astronaut Sunita Williams is among the nine astronauts named by NASA today for its first human spaceflight programme since the retirement of the space shuttle in 2011.
After years of vehicle development and building anticipation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has now put the crew in commercial crew spacecraft.
The space agency announced that the nine astronauts will launch on the first crewed test flights and missions of new commercial spacecraft built and operated by The Boeing Company and SpaceX.
The eight active NASA astronauts and one former astronaut-turned-corporate crew member will launch on Boeing CST-100 Starliner and SpaceX Dragoncapsules to the International Space Station beginning in 2019.
The missions will mark the first crewed launches from US soil since the end of the space shuttle programme seven years ago.
In addition to naming the crews of the test flights, NASA also announced today the four astronauts who will fly aboard the first operational Starliner and Dragon missions to the space station. Both vehicles were developed in cooperation with NASA to deliver crew members to and from the orbiting laboratory.
Josh Cassada, 45, will fly with Sunita "Suni" Williams, 52, aboard NASA's first contracted Starliner mission. It will be Cassada's first spaceflight. Sunita Williams previously logged 321 days in orbit on two stays aboard the space station, most recently returning to the Earth in 2012.
The commercial crew members took to the stage during an event led by NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine at the agency's Johnson Space Center in Houston.
NASA astronauts Robert Behnken, 48, and Douglas Hurley, 51, will fly together as SpaceX's first Dragon crew.
Veterans of two spaceflights each, Mr Behnken and Mr Hurley will lift off atop a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from the Kennedy Space Center's Pad 39A - the same Florida launch pad where the space shuttle left Earth for the last time in July 2011 with Mr Hurley as pilot.
NASA astronauts Eric Boe, 53, and Nicole Mann, 41, will join the commander of that same final space shuttle mission, former astronaut and now Boeing executive Christopher Ferguson, 56, as the crew of the Starliner test flight, launching atop a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket from Complex 41 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.
Mr Ferguson, who has been involved from the start in the Starliner's development, flew three shuttle missions as a NASA astronaut. Eric Boe piloted two shuttle flights. This will be Mann's first launch, having joined the astronaut corps in 2013.
Robert Behnken, Douglas Hurley, Eric Boe and Nicole Mann are NASA's first astronauts to be named to the test flights of new US spacecraft since the March 1978 announcement of the space shuttle's first orbital flight test crews. Christopher Ferguson will become the first former NASA astronaut to return to orbit as a company's crew member when he flies.
Prior to their maiden crewed missions, both Boeing and SpaceX plan uncrewed test flights in late 2018 or early 2019.
Both companies will also conduct abort system test flights to ensure the astronauts can safely escape should their rockets go awry.
Victor Glover, 42, and Michael Hopkins, 49, will fly on the first operational mission of SpaceX's crewed Dragon. It will be Victor Glover's first time in space. Michael Hopkins logged 166 days aboard the space station in 2014.
The two pairs of NASA crewmates will fly to the station with Russian cosmonauts and international astronauts to be announced at a later date. Between the end of the space shuttle program and the start of commercial crew operations, NASA's crew members have and are continuing to launch to the space station on Russian Soyuz spacecraft.
Sunita Williams, along with Robert Behnken, Douglas Hurley and Eric Boe, were named in 2015 as NASA's "commercial crew cadre" and have been working with Boeing and SpaceX on the development of the spacecraft and the simulators that will be used to train astronauts to fly.
The two companies have also developed new spacesuits, modified their launch pads and established mission control teams to support the upcoming flights.
With the start of four-person commercial missions, the International Space Station crew is slated to grow by one to a seven-person residency in order to maximize the science that can be conducted on board.
Boeing's and SpaceX's commercial spacecraft may also open the space station - and more broadly, Earth orbit - to more privately-funded visitors and spaceflight participants from countries that do not have their own domestic crewed spacecraft and rockets.