The new bill prohibits employers from replacing American workers with H-1B visa holders
A key US Congressional committee on Wednesday voted to pass a legislation that proposes to increase the minimum salary of H-1B visa holders from $60,000 to $90,000 and imposes a number of restrictions on the work visa popular among IT professionals from India.
The Protect and Grow American Jobs Act (HR 170) introduced by Courts, Intellectual Property and the Internet Subcommittee Chairman Darrell Issa, was passed by the House Judiciary Committee during a markup hearing on Wednesday morning.
The bill now heads to the full House for necessary action.
A similar version of the bill needs to be passed by the Senate before it can be sent to the White House for US President Donald Trump to be signed into law.
Given the sharp differences that Democratic and Republican lawmakers and the White House have on various aspects of immigration reforms including the H-1B visa, the Congressional passage of the bill and its becoming a law as of now appears to be a tall order.
The bill prohibits H-1B dependent employers from replacing American workers with H-1B employees, there are no longer any exceptions.
It also lengthens the no-layoff policy for H-1B dependent employers and their client companies for as long an H-1B employee works at the company, which means they cannot layoff equivalent US workers.
For H-1B dependent employers to be exempted from the requirement that US workers be recruited first, the Protect and Grow American Jobs Act dramatically increases the salary requirements for H-1B workers.
"They must pay the lower of $135,000 - which is indexed for inflation - or the average wage for the occupation in the area of employment, but with a floor of $90,000," said a media release issued by the House Judiciary Committee.
NASSCOM president R Chandrashekhar in a statement said that HR 170, as adopted by the House Judiciary Committee, would harm US businesses and impose an extraordinary amount of bureaucratic red tape on a programme that contributes greatly to US prosperity.
"It also could disrupt the marketplace, threaten thousands of US jobs, and stifle US innovation by unfairly and arbitrarily targeting a handful of companies who used just 16 per cent of the new H-1B visas in Financial Year 2016 while imposing no new requirements on the vast majority of companies that use the visas to do the same exact same things," Mr Chandrashekhar said.
Defending the passage of the bill, Congressman Issa said lawmakers have a responsibility to ensure that the H-1B visa is not abused by those misusing it to outsource jobs and undercut American workers.
"Unfortunately, the loopholes left open in H-1B have allowed a small handful of companies to game the system and crowd out employers who need the limited slots available to bring in the best and brightest individuals from around the world," he said.
"The Protect and Grow American Jobs Act is a common-sense update that will go a long way to protecting American workers while helping companies have better access to the talent they need to grow their businesses and create new jobs here in America," Mr Issa said.
Congressman Bon Goodlatte, Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, said the immigration programmes must put American workers and nation's interests first, and "unfortunately" that is not the case currently with the H-1B visa programme.
"The Protect and Grow American Jobs Act makes much-needed reforms to the H-1B programme to curtail abuse of the system and protect American workers," he said.
NASSCOM strongly disagrees with the US lawmakers.
"Unfortunately, this legislation is being driven by myths, not reality. US government data show very significant shortages of high skill talent around the country. The data show that the high skill visa programmes are not a major cause of US unemployment, and IT specialists working on temporary visas are not cheap labour," said Mr Chandrashekhar.
According to the US Bureau of Labour Statistics, across the US economy, approximately 20 million people per year lose their jobs due to reasons not linked to hiring H-1B employees.
Compared to that, the annual number of H-1Bs granted to the top 10 India-centric IT service companies in 2016 was only a tiny fraction of the US workforce, he said.
According to a study by the Pew Research Center, based on 2016 fiscal data from US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), for eight of the top 10 India-centric IT companies, the average salary for workers on H-1B visas was higher than the median salary for US citizens in computer and mathematical jobs, Mr Chandrashekhar argued.
"Employers who use the H-1B programme are highly regulated and scrutinised already, and NASSCOM member companies abide by all applicable laws and regulations. According to the US government, the rate of compliance problems is very low, and the overwhelming majority of problems occur at American companies with fewer than 50 employees," he said.
Mr Chandrashekhar said NASSCOM continues to support efforts to root out any fraud or abuse in the H-1B system.
"Quite simply, our members do not deserve to be treated differently from their American or European counterparts," he said.