The pollution is damaging over 100 species of fish, mangroves and coconut groves in the lake ecosystem.
Kerala's once scenic Ashtamudi Lake, described as the gateway to the state's backwaters and preferred by tourists world over for houseboat rides, has become a dump site for sewage which is slowly choking it to death, according to an inspection by the state legal services authority KeLSA on the Kerala High Court's direction.
"Very pathetic" is how the Kerala State Legal Services Authority (KeLSA) report to the High Court describes the condition of the lake spread over an area of around 1,700 sq km, surrounded by swaying coconut groves and palm trees, and spotted by several small islands.
The report also said that sewage from nearby residences and government establishments was the main reason for pollution of the lake and also for putting its unique wetland ecosystem under risk of permanent damage.
According to the Kerala Tourism website, cruises would give a "deeper look at the heart and spirit of the backwaters."
"The 8 arms or channels of the Ashtamudi Lake are what gave it its name. It is the entrance to the famous backwaters of Kerala and the houseboat rides here are extremely famous. The Kollam to Alappuzha route is considered among the best in the backwaters. Cruises here give you a deeper look at the heart and spirit of the backwaters," the tourism site claims.
However, the ground reality is something else according to local resident KM Salim, who told PTI that no one would want to walk alongside the "highly polluted" lake let alone go for a "cruise" on it when it is reeking with the smell of decades worth of municipal solid waste and sewage.
Incidentally, based on his letter sent to the Kerala High Court, it decided to examine the issue, initiating a public interest litigation on its own and asking KeLSA to inspect the water body that is the second largest lake in the state.
Mr Salim further said that tourism too has contributed to the lake's pollution as effluents from the house boats are also discharged into the water body.
District Judge and KeLSA Member Secretary KT Nisar Ahammad, who inspected the lake, told PTI that the filth and garbage floating in the lake and choking its ecosystem -- which includes thousands of years old Mangrove trees -- also consists of "legacy waste" dumped there over the past several years.
On being asked whether the filth in the lake was being termed as such due to it being the legacy we are leaving for future generations, he laughed and said, "Maybe".
The judge further said that people do not realise that polluting the water body could very well affect the underground water in the area and eventually general public health in the long run.
"This situation is not just confined to Ashtamudi lake, it is prevalent in many other places in the state. People don't realise that the quarrying of mountains and dumping of filth in rivers and lakes would have serious environmental consequences. There has to be awareness on this issue," he said.
The judge further said that with a little bit of effort the corporation could have cleaned up some portion of the lake, especially the part close to the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) bus stand where the situation is really bad, but no one, including the local body, appeared to be bothered.
He said that a few years back the government had sanctioned funds for cleaning up the lake, but it never took off and now there was another project, worth over Rs 100 crore, in play for the same purpose.
Mr Salim said that the garbage and filth were being dumped in the area for years and as a result, more than 100 species of fishes, mangroves, coconut groves and palm trees that are part of that ecosystem were being adversely affected.
A resident of the area for decades, he remembers his younger days when, along with his friends, he used to take a dip in the lake.
"Now you cannot even dare to dip your hand in the water as, if you do, you could end up having rashes or blisters or some other infection," he said.
Even fish like Karimeen found in the lake no longer taste the same as they used to during his younger days when Ashtamudi was not as polluted as it was presently, he said.
"You cannot walk along the lake side without your olfactory senses being overwhelmed by the stink emanating from there," he added.
Photographs attached along with the KeLSA report, filed through advocate Santhosh Mathew, show all kinds of garbage and waste floating in the lake, along with the house boats, turning its colour to a murky green.
In some photographs, which according to the judge "speak volumes", the water body looks more like an open drain and less like a lake whose borders are also lined in many places with garbage.
What is more anguishing regarding Ashtamudi, other than the inaction of the local bodies and their contribution in polluting the lake, is the fact that despite being a Ramsar site -- a wetland site designed to be of international importance under Ramsar Convention which is also known as the ''Convention of Wetlands'' -- nothing was being done by anyone to remedy the situation, both the judge and Mr Salim said.
The Convention, an intergovernmental environmental treaty adopted in 1971 by UNESCO and which came into force in 1975, provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands and wise sustainable use of their resources, according to the KeLSA report.
The report by KeLSA further states that inspection of the lake revealed that the main reason behind its pollution was the direct dumping of sewage into it from the nearby government institutions, residences and a public toilet, very near to the water body, meant for passengers arriving at the KSRTC bus stand close by.
It also said that while the Secretary of the District Panchayat denied dumping of sewage waste in the water body from a nearby district hospital, "the fact remains that the lake is highly polluted and its present condition is very pathetic."
Pollution of water bodies, like Ashtamudi Lake, in this manner was a "common scenario" in the whole of Kerala, the report stated.