Nobody questions that the BJP won in UP and in Uttarakhand - emphatically - or that the Congress did in Punjab. But in Manipur and in Goa, although the BJP isn't the largest-single party, it has been asked to form the government. In Goa, the Congress has 17 of the 40 seats, and the BJP only 13 - but former Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar flew back to Panaji to cobble together a majority and keep the Congress out. In Manipur, the Congress has 27 of the 60 seats, and the BJP 21; but again, it's the BJP that has been invited by the governor to form the government, ending 15 years of Congress rule in the state.

Former Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar has been sworn in as Chief Minister of Goa
The Congress' complaints thus do seem empty. Why was its national leadership not focused on Goa or on Manipur the moment the results became clear? Amit Shah and company didn't seem to have taken even an hour off after sweeping UP. Meanwhile the Goa Congress failed to decide on a Chief Minister, the central observer (Digvijaya Singh) seems to have been incredibly inept and secretive, and as a consequence, the Congress lost crucial hours in which Vijai Sardesai, with three seats, went over to the BJP, which promised him three ministers. Arun Jaitley pointed out that the Congress can hardly complain when it didn't even get its act together enough to write to the governors, which is a pretty reasonable point.

Vijai Sardesai from regional party, Goa Forward, is largely responsible for the BJP's winning math
That said, there is indeed a deeper question here. Moral legitimacy does matter as well, particularly in a period when more and more people are disillusioned with the effectiveness of democratic processes, both in India and worldwide. In Goa, for example, the BJP Chief Minister Laxmikant Pareskar actually lost his own seat. It's difficult to argue that was a vote for continuity. Of course, the institutions will continue to work: Goa's voters will punish Mr Parrikar next time around doubly hard if they feel he has violated their trust and their mandate. But democratic principles are fragile, and this kind of undermining of people's votes tends to lead to loss of faith in democracy overall.

Goa Chief Minister Laxmikant Parsekar lost by a margin of 7,219 votes

BJP's Nongthombam Biren Singh will take oath as Manipur's next chief minister
The BJP is quite right to say that the Congress' behaviour in the past has been despicable. The Congress is right to point out that the BJP's behaviour in the present is no different. In the course of these events, however, it's the voters who lose the most. And, of course, anyone who believes the BJP is indeed still "a party with a difference".
(Mihir Swarup Sharma is a fellow at the Observer Research Foundation.)
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