Two centuries ago, the British Empire ruled the lands, the seas, and a quarter of all people on Earth. The influence of the once-dominant United Kingdom has significantly shrunk, and in 2022, its former colony, India, surpassed it to become the world's fifth-largest economy. The 21st century has been a rather tough time for the UK, starting with a monetary crisis in 2008, which exposed some underlying economic weaknesses, and then the cutting of long-lasting relations with its most significant trade partner, the EU, after the Brexit vote in 2016.