The recent conflict in West Asia has so far claimed over 40,000 lives in Gaza, over 1,000 in Lebanon, and around 1,700 in Israel since the Oct 7 Hamas-led attack inside Israeli territory last year. The kidnapping of Israeli hostages by Hamas may have been the immediate trigger for escalating hostilities, but the roots of this conflict go far back to discover what sparked this conflict? Why did Palestinians oppose Israeli settlements? How was Hamas formed? When was Hezbollah established? With the Israel-Hamas war snowballing into a quadrilateral conflict with Iran and Lebanon also coming into the picture, let’s recap the latest escalation in the larger context of the Arab-Israeli conflict spanning decades and start at the very beginning.