According to the World Health Organization (WHO), each year, 55 million people are pushed into poverty or deeper poverty due to catastrophic health expenditures. In India, the former health minister disclosed that annually, 7.5 million families slip below the poverty line as a result of the increasing healthcare expenses. After the establishment of 16 new AIIMS-like AIIMS since 2014, there has been notable progress. However, the noticeable deficiencies in urban healthcare persist. Discussing the challenges of Urban healthcare, Manisha Natarajan speaks with Indrani Gupta, Professor and Head of the Health Policy Research Unit (HPRU) at the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi, and Ms. Nirupam Madan, Medical Superintendent at Delhi AIIMS.