As billionaires snapped up villas in Dubai and the city bulged with new bankers and executives, Ghida was evicted. The landlord had seen a way of doubling the roughly $3,000-a-month rent she and her husband were paying.
The couple were asked to leave their home after being told the owner wanted to move in with his family. He then advertised it for $6,000 a month. She's now suing him for breaking rental rules. "I am hearing they have a staggering backlog of other tenants with similar situations to mine," said Ghida, who wanted to be identified by her first name as the dispute continues.
It's a story similar to dozens of others in Facebook groups, cafes and workplaces, and reflects Dubai's latest incarnation: an enduring land of opportunity, though with a barrier to entry that just got significantly higher.
Key to Dubai's brand has been a largely tax-free lifestyle that many incomers would be unable to access in their home country. But an influx of crypto millionaires, bankers relocating from Asia and some wealthy Russians seeking to shield assets is driving up rental prices and making the metropolis of more than 3 million people feel more like a playground reserved for the super-rich.
Fees for the private schools that are mandatory for expatriate children have climbed, a weekly shop of groceries at upmarket British supermarket chain Waitrose is costing ever more and an Uber ride at rush hour in a city built primarily for cars can now set you back the same as a New York taxi.
The average annual rent for a villa - single-family houses - in the emirate jumped 26% in the year through to February to reach 295,436 dirhams ($80,436), according to real estate adviser CBRE Group Inc. Average apartment rents soared 28% to almost 100,000 dirhams.
"The nature of Dubai is changing," said Metin Mitchell, founder of a C-suite executive recruitment firm working in the region for decades. "This is becoming a super dynamic economy again, but it's also becoming more of a Monaco, servicing the needs of affluent and high-net-worth people."
The Dubai Media Office did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
In Dubai, about 90% of residents are foreign and residency mostly relies on employment. The United Arab Emirates has started offering long-term visas to a chosen few, but the vast majority of foreign workers have no clear route to attain permanent residency or citizenship.
In 2018, many residents left amid a substantial increase in living and business costs. Two years later, thousands more departed in the wake of pandemic job losses.
Squeezed families are mainly downsizing or eying up opportunities in markets like neighbor Saudi Arabia, which is competing with Dubai for talent and business, and plans to lure tourism too. The pandemic led to a dip in Dubai rental costs, meaning that some residents moved into areas that they previously couldn't afford and are now struggling as prices shoot back not just to pre-Covid levels but beyond.
Bloomberg spoke with several Dubai residents who have either decided to downsize housing, move to remote areas in Dubai or relocate to neighboring emirates including Sharjah, typically a 30-minute drive without traffic.
In Dubai, the increase in consumer prices reached an annual 7.1% last summer, before easing. While inflation was less rampant than in London or New York, it was still the fastest on record. The rate dropped to 5% in February, but in reality it could be much higher.
Housing prices make up more than 40% of Dubai's consumer price inflation and pay increases haven't kept up with rising cost pressures.
"Inflation calculation in the UAE takes into account renewals of existing rent contracts, where price increases are typically capped and tend to be less drastic," according to Monica Malik, chief economist at Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank PJSC. "Therefore, it takes less time for rental trends to filter into the inflation baskets."
In the arid UAE, most grocery items are imported and cost more than home markets in the first place. They've also climbed as supply-chain shocks push up food prices globally.
People toward the bottom of the economic scale - the construction workers who build the gleaming skyscrapers and the domestic workers who look after infants and scrub expat homes - are feeling the price pressures, too. But a lot of their costs are fixed, food staples remain subsidized and their main aim is to send money home to their families rather than spend it.
Workers take a break at a construction site for the Dubai Design District in Dubai.
For some among the squeezed middle class, even London can be more cost effective. Homam, 40, moved to the UK from Dubai in late 2021 and maintains a similar salary to what he was getting in the Gulf, he said.
"One of the main things I looked at before moving to London was the cost of living difference," said Homam, an executive creative director at Tasty UK, BuzzFeed's video series on food. "In my comparison two years ago, prices in London were around 20% cheaper and even now with soaring inflation, I still find it somehow cheaper than Dubai."
Although neither Dubai nor the wider UAE have a systemized income tax, implicit fees abound. Obtaining a driver's license can cost thousands of dollars, electricity bills have a 'housing fee' that can make up nearly 80% of a monthly account and 'knowledge' and 'innovation' fees are levied on government services.
"Everything is factored in living in London,'" said Homam, "I price in my taxes, rent and bills at the beginning of the year but in Dubai, some expenses can come out of nowhere."
Officials say price rises are more modest than elsewhere as high inflation dents spending power globally. They argue Dubai continues to offer the jobs and opportunities that are scarce in other emerging markets and developed cities in the West.
But being less worse was never meant to be Dubai's sales pitch. Only a decade ago, Dubai ranked as the 90th most expensive place for expatriates, according to New York-based consultant Mercer. Last year, it was 31st, one slot ahead of Miami.
"It's almost a given now that both parents need to be working," said James Mullen, co-founder of WhichSchoolAdvisor.com. He says the average tuition is more than $10,000 per year, and some families opt to move home as fees climb higher the older their children get. "Certainly, 10 years ago, it was a different situation because companies were still giving family allowances and school fee allowances. That sort of thing has practically disappeared."
(Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is published from a syndicated feed.)
