Swamped by panic-stricken requests for help to avoid being drafted, Russian lawyers say they are working flat out to offer advice to those at risk of being sent to fight in Ukraine.
Lawyers and civil society groups say they have been overwhelmed by demands for support since President Vladimir Putin announced on Sept. 21 that 300,000 people would be mobilised to boost Russia's flagging war effort.
Hundreds of thousands have fled to countries such as Kazakhstan, Georgia and Finland. Many more remain in Russia and are hiding from military recruiters, praying they won't be summoned or hoping for exemptions from service.
"We are working round the clock," said Sergei Krivenko, who runs a group of around 10 lawyers called Citizen. Army. Law.
"People are being torn from their normal lives," he said. "This is a mobilisation without time limit during a war. It could last months or years. People may not return ... Leaving the army is pretty much impossible. The only way is death, injury or prison for disobeying orders."
Implementation of the mobilisation has been chaotic. Though billed as enlisting those with military experience and required specialities, it has often appeared oblivious to individuals' service record, health, student status or even age.
Vladimir Putin last week acknowledged mistakes and said they must be corrected. "For example, I'm thinking of fathers of many children, or people suffering from chronic diseases, or those who are already past conscription age," President Putin said.
The governor of the far eastern region of Khabarovsk said on Monday that the military commissar there had been fired after half of the newly mobilised men were sent home because they did not meet the criteria to be called up.
'LEAVE RUSSIA NOW'
On social media, tip sheets on how to avoid being mobilised circulate alongside forms for claiming medical exemptions or becoming a conscientious objector and instructions for filling them out.
Human rights lawyer Pavel Chikov said on Monday he and his team had delivered advisory webinars to 10,000 company employees. His followers on messaging app Telegram have more than tripled to 466,000 in the past two weeks.
Stories have spread like wildfire of men who should be exempt under the stated criteria but have been called up anyway.
"Those coming to us are panicked. They don't understand what is happening," said Mr Krivenko. "They are calling up anyone. And the law allows them to recruit anyone."
Dmitry Lutsenko, who co-runs a group called Release offering legal advice and information, said: "The best way to avoid conscription is to leave Russia now."
The second best option is to hide, he said. "Avoid signing a summons... avoid military offices. The legal punishment for not going is a small fine and I don't know of anyone who has been fined yet."
Kirill, a 26-year-old from southern Russia, said he could not leave behind his pets and so had gone underground, working for cash and not living at the address the military thinks is his.
"They can't take me so easily," he said.
Lawyer Alexei Tabalov said on Facebook that young people and women asked for help far more often than older men, and those older men who did speak up were often fatalistic and obedient to authorities.
"At the same time, we see crowds of men voluntarily going to military bases," he said. "I want to scream - why did you go? Run, leave while you can! But no, they are quietly standing and waiting. What are they waiting for?"
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