Legislation put forward by the UK's new Labour government to renationalise the country's rail services, most of which are privately owned, was on Wednesday given the go-ahead by parliament.
The bill will bring rail operators into public ownership when the private companies' contracts expire -- or sooner in the event of poor management -- and will be managed by "Great British Railways".
The TSSA rail union hailed the law as a "landmark" after an attempt by the opposition Conservatives to amend the legislation was defeated in the House of Lords, the upper house of parliament, by 213 votes to 210.
"This really is a landmark moment paving the way for our railways to return to public hands, where they belong, as a vital service," said TSSA General Secretary Maryam Eslamdoust.
Labour triumphed over the Conservative party in elections on July 4, re-entering Downing Street after 14 years in opposition with promises to fix the country's ailing transport services.
The government has said it will be able to avoid having to pay compensation fees to rail operators, with all the current contracts set to expire by 2027.
The privatisation of rail operations took place in the mid-1990s under the Conservative prime minister John Major, but the rail network remained public, run by Network Rail.
Four of 14 operators in England have been taken over by the state in recent years because of poor performance, but this was meant to be a temporary fix before a return to the private sector.
The main rail operators in Scotland and Wales, where transport policy is handled by the devolved administrations in Edinburgh and Cardiff, are also state-owned.
British railways have faced a constant stream of strikes over pay and conditions in the last few years due to a cost-of-living crisis.
Train cancellations are commonplace and passengers regularly complain about high ticket prices.
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