Benghazi:
World leaders met Saturday in a summit in Paris that could be the final step before immediate international military action against Moammar Gaddafi's forces in Libya.
The emergency summit of Arab and European leaders and the chief of the U.N. took place as Gaddafi's forces swarmed into the one-time rebel stronghold of Benghazi -- apparently ignoring a proclaimed cease-fire by Libya's regime.
The incursion into Benghazi and other cities by Gaddafi's forces could vastly complicate any international intervention, by allowing the troops to mingle in with the population -- making airstrikes against them difficult.
The meeting of 22 leaders hosted by French President Nicolas Sarkozy, including British Prime Minister David Cameron and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, took full shape only shortly before it was to begin. The African Union was not attending, as had previously been expected, but the Iraqi foreign minister was among those announced as late participants.
French officials have said that they expect military action could begin within hours after the meeting -- but the outcome remained uncertain and it was not clear what effect developments on the ground might have.
France, Britain and the United States were among the major backers of a muscular U.N. Security Council resolution passed Thursday that authorizes a no-fly zone over Libya and "all necessary measures" to protect civilians.
France's U.N. ambassador Gerard Araud told BBC Newsnight that he expected military action to begin within hours of the hastily organized summit in response to the onslaught by Gaddafi's artillery, warplanes and tanks against rebel-controlled areas.
The African Union -- which counts Libya as a member -- was meeting in Nouakchott, Mauritania, and was looking to take on a "mediation" role in the crisis, said a French diplomatic official, on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak publicly about the matter.
Arab League Secretary-General Amr Moussa and U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon were in Paris along with Qatar's emir Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al Thani and foreign ministers of Jordan, Moroccan and the United Arab Emirates.
Sarkozy, Clinton and Cameron were also scheduled to hold trilateral talks after the summit.
Six Danish F-16 fighter jets landed at the U.S. naval air station in Sigonella, Sicily, on Saturday. Danish air force spokesman Lars Skjoldan said they would be ready for operation in Libya by Sunday.
Italy has offered the use of seven air and navy bases already housing U.S., NATO and Italian forces. Sigonella's size and close proximity to Libya makes it a key staging point.
Meanwhile NATO's top decision-making body met to review military plans for a no-fly zone over Libya. The consultations were adjourned soon after they convened to await the results of the summit in Paris.
Officials said military staffs were putting the final touches on rules of engagement and on plans to deploy fighter-bombers, tankers, helicopters and surveillance planes to several air bases along Europe's southern rim. A NATO diplomat said it was likely that any such operation would be controlled from NATO's command centre in Naples.
The North Atlantic Council must have the agreement of all 28 its members in issue the order to launch the operation.
But NATO's spokeswoman stressed that no decision to launch the operation had been made.
"There has to be a political decision here for any NATO operational role," spokeswoman Oana Lungescu said.
Moammar Gaddafi's government declared a cease-fire Friday in an attempt to outmanoeuvre Western military intervention, but witnesses said shells were raining down well after the announcement. Early Saturday, a plane was shot down over the rebel stronghold of Benghazi.
On Friday, Britain and France took the lead in plans to enforce a no-fly zone over Libya. Paris said it was ready for possible military action, without specifying, while Britain ordered warplanes to the Mediterranean.
"The clock is ticking and we must be ready to act quickly," Cameron said Friday, adding that Gaddafi must prove he was serious about a cease-fire to avoid military strikes.
In a joint statement to Gaddafi late Friday, the United States, Britain and France -- backed by unspecified Arab countries -- said a cease-fire must begin "immediately" in Libya, the French presidential palace said.
The statement called on Gaddafi to end his troops' advance toward Benghazi, and pull them out of Misrata, Adjadbiya and Zawiya, and called for the restoration of water, electricity and gas services in all areas. It said Libya's population must be able to receive humanitarian aid.
The United States has a host of forces and ships in the area, including submarines, destroyers, amphibious assault and landing ships. U.S. officials have not specified the possible American role -- although Obama said Friday that no U.S. ground troops would be involved.
NATO surveillance AWACS planes flying off the Libyan coast are already providing 24-hour coverage of the situation in the air and on the battlefields. Analysts said no-fly zone aircraft would be flying from NATO bases such as in Sigonella, Sicily, Aviano in northern Italy, Istres in southern France, and Ventiseri-Solenzara in Corsica.
The emergency summit of Arab and European leaders and the chief of the U.N. took place as Gaddafi's forces swarmed into the one-time rebel stronghold of Benghazi -- apparently ignoring a proclaimed cease-fire by Libya's regime.
The incursion into Benghazi and other cities by Gaddafi's forces could vastly complicate any international intervention, by allowing the troops to mingle in with the population -- making airstrikes against them difficult.
The meeting of 22 leaders hosted by French President Nicolas Sarkozy, including British Prime Minister David Cameron and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, took full shape only shortly before it was to begin. The African Union was not attending, as had previously been expected, but the Iraqi foreign minister was among those announced as late participants.
French officials have said that they expect military action could begin within hours after the meeting -- but the outcome remained uncertain and it was not clear what effect developments on the ground might have.
France, Britain and the United States were among the major backers of a muscular U.N. Security Council resolution passed Thursday that authorizes a no-fly zone over Libya and "all necessary measures" to protect civilians.
France's U.N. ambassador Gerard Araud told BBC Newsnight that he expected military action to begin within hours of the hastily organized summit in response to the onslaught by Gaddafi's artillery, warplanes and tanks against rebel-controlled areas.
The African Union -- which counts Libya as a member -- was meeting in Nouakchott, Mauritania, and was looking to take on a "mediation" role in the crisis, said a French diplomatic official, on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak publicly about the matter.
Arab League Secretary-General Amr Moussa and U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon were in Paris along with Qatar's emir Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al Thani and foreign ministers of Jordan, Moroccan and the United Arab Emirates.
Sarkozy, Clinton and Cameron were also scheduled to hold trilateral talks after the summit.
Six Danish F-16 fighter jets landed at the U.S. naval air station in Sigonella, Sicily, on Saturday. Danish air force spokesman Lars Skjoldan said they would be ready for operation in Libya by Sunday.
Italy has offered the use of seven air and navy bases already housing U.S., NATO and Italian forces. Sigonella's size and close proximity to Libya makes it a key staging point.
Meanwhile NATO's top decision-making body met to review military plans for a no-fly zone over Libya. The consultations were adjourned soon after they convened to await the results of the summit in Paris.
Officials said military staffs were putting the final touches on rules of engagement and on plans to deploy fighter-bombers, tankers, helicopters and surveillance planes to several air bases along Europe's southern rim. A NATO diplomat said it was likely that any such operation would be controlled from NATO's command centre in Naples.
The North Atlantic Council must have the agreement of all 28 its members in issue the order to launch the operation.
But NATO's spokeswoman stressed that no decision to launch the operation had been made.
"There has to be a political decision here for any NATO operational role," spokeswoman Oana Lungescu said.
Moammar Gaddafi's government declared a cease-fire Friday in an attempt to outmanoeuvre Western military intervention, but witnesses said shells were raining down well after the announcement. Early Saturday, a plane was shot down over the rebel stronghold of Benghazi.
On Friday, Britain and France took the lead in plans to enforce a no-fly zone over Libya. Paris said it was ready for possible military action, without specifying, while Britain ordered warplanes to the Mediterranean.
"The clock is ticking and we must be ready to act quickly," Cameron said Friday, adding that Gaddafi must prove he was serious about a cease-fire to avoid military strikes.
In a joint statement to Gaddafi late Friday, the United States, Britain and France -- backed by unspecified Arab countries -- said a cease-fire must begin "immediately" in Libya, the French presidential palace said.
The statement called on Gaddafi to end his troops' advance toward Benghazi, and pull them out of Misrata, Adjadbiya and Zawiya, and called for the restoration of water, electricity and gas services in all areas. It said Libya's population must be able to receive humanitarian aid.
The United States has a host of forces and ships in the area, including submarines, destroyers, amphibious assault and landing ships. U.S. officials have not specified the possible American role -- although Obama said Friday that no U.S. ground troops would be involved.
NATO surveillance AWACS planes flying off the Libyan coast are already providing 24-hour coverage of the situation in the air and on the battlefields. Analysts said no-fly zone aircraft would be flying from NATO bases such as in Sigonella, Sicily, Aviano in northern Italy, Istres in southern France, and Ventiseri-Solenzara in Corsica.
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